文档介绍：翻译心得体会

杨莉
翻译简单吗?
!NO!
前翻译阶段
翻译阶段
后翻译阶段
前翻译阶段
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages:
Learning, teaching, assessment
Structured overview of all CEFR scales
C2
Can hold his/her own in formal discussion plex issues, putting an articulate and persuasive argument, at no disadvantage to native speakers.
C1
Can easily keep up with the debate, even on abstract, complex unfamiliar topics.
B2
Can keep up with an animated discussion, identifying accurately arguments supporting and opposing points of view.
B1
Can follow much of what is said that is related to his/her field, provided interlocutors avoid very idiomatic usage and articulate clearly.
A2
Can generally follow changes of topic in formal discussion related to his/her field which is conducted slowly and clearly.
A1
No descriptor available
Proficient User
C2
Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in plex situations.
C1
Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
Independent User
B2
Can understand the main ideas plex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
B1
Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in