文档介绍：Markku Roinila
Leibniz on Rational
Decision-Making
Philosophical Studies from the University of Helsinki 16
Filosofisia tutkimuksia Helsingin yliopistosta
Filosofiska studier från Helsingfors universitet
Philosophical studies from the University of Helsinki
Publishers:
Department of Philosophy
Department of Social and Moral Philosophy
P. O. Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 20 A)
00014 University of Helsinki
Finland
Editors:
Marjaana Kopperi
Panu Raatikainen
Petri Ylikoski
Bernt Österman
ISBN 978-952-92-1992-6 (paperback)
ISBN 978-952-10-3896-9 (PDF)
ISSN 1458-8331
Vantaa 2007
Dark Oy
Leibniz on Rational Decision-Making
Markku Roinila
Abstract
In this study I discuss G. W. Leibniz's (1646-1716) views on
rational decision-making from the standpoint of both God
and man. The Divine decision takes place within creation, as
God freely chooses the best from an infinite number of
possible worlds. While God's choice is based on absolutely
certain knowledge, human decisions on practical matters are
mostly based on uncertain knowledge. However, in many
respects they could be regarded as analogous in more
complicated situations.
In addition to giving an overview of the divine
decision-making and discussing critically the criteria God
favours in his choice, I provide an account of Leibniz's
views on human deliberation, which includes some new
ideas. One of these concerns is the importance of estimating
probabilities – in making decisions one estimates both the
goodness of the act itself and its consequences as far as the
desired good is concerned. Another idea is related to the
plurality of goods plicated decisions and the
competition this may provoke. Thirdly, heuristic models are
used to sketch situations under deliberation in order to help
in making the decision.
Combining the views of Marcelo Dascal, Jaakko Hintikka
and Simo Knuut