文档介绍：静脉输液 Intravenous infusion/ Intravenous Administration
中国医科大学护理学院
曹颖
Objectives 教学目标及其基本要求
一. 识记
1. 正确说出常用液体的种类
2. 正确写出计算输液速度与时间的公式
二. 理解
:静脉
输液
的原因、症状与护理
三. 运用
。
的病人进行护理
Intravenous infusion is the method that a large volume of solution infused into body to handle fluid and electrolyte disturbance.
原理:大气压和液体静压---
输液系统内压>静脉压
条件: 1. 液体高度
2. 与大气相通
3. 管道通畅
一、Purposes
1. Keep balance of fluid, electrocyte, and acid-base 补充水分、电解质,维持酸碱平衡
2. Supply nutrient substances 补充营养
3. Supply medication 输入药物
4. Increase the blood volume 增加血容量
5. Establish a lifeline
二、Types and functions of solutions (一) According to Osmotic pressure
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
(二)According to Functions
1. Crystal solution 晶体溶液
Nutrient solutions: 5%Glucose,
5%Dextrose in water(D5W),
5%Dextrose in % sodium chloride
Electrolyte solutions: NS (% sodium chloride)
Ringer’s solution
Lactated Ringer’s solution
Alkalinizing solution: Lactated Ringer’s solution
5% NB
Hypertonic solution: 50%GS, 20% mannital
2. Colloid solution 胶体溶液
Volume expenders
Dextran 右旋糖酐
Plasma 血浆,代血浆
Human serum albumin 血液制品
3. TPN solution (Total parenteral nutrition) 静脉高营养液
三、Sites of Venipuncture
1. Peripheral vein 周围静脉输液法
(1) Superficial vein in limbs
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
Dorsal work
Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein
Dorsal foot vein
(2) Vein in the scalp