文档介绍：南京邮电大学硕士研究生学位论文摘要
摘要
无线传感器网络技术能够给人们的生产生活带来方便,从而得到了快速的发展。其中
ZigBee 技术具备规范的协议标准,被广泛地用于无线传感器网络中。利用 ZigBee 技术可以构
建廉价的无线传感器网络。确定网络中节点的位置信息对无线传感器网络技术具有重大意义。
如何方便的获取节点的准确位置成为当今研究的热点。目前已经有了一些定位问题的解决方
案,例如:基于 RSSI 定位、基于 TOA 或 TDOA 定位等。这些定位技术都存在一些瑕疵,解
决无线传感器网络的定位问题仍然需要进一步的研究。
本文对无线传感器网络中的定位技术进行了研究。首先,介绍了 ZigBee 技术及无线传感
器网络中已有的针对定位问题的解决方案,重点介绍了基于测距的定位算法。其次,利用不
同芯片的晶振之间时钟频率偏移具有稳定性这一特性,再结合 TDOA 定位算法,本文提出了
一种适用于无线传感器网络的 TDOA 定位算法。该定位算法考虑了不同芯片晶振之间的时钟
频率偏移,通过将测量得到的信号到达时间差转换成节点之间的距离差,从而进行定位。使
用该定位算法避免了无线传感器网络中的时间同步难题,有效地解决了较远距离未知节点的
定位问题。
最后,通过修改 ZigBee 节点的程序,设计定位实验,证实采用本文所提出的基于 TDOA
定位算法得到的节点之间距离差随着采样组数的增加而趋于稳定,并且能够取得满意的定位
效果,该定位算法是稳定的,可行的。该算法为以后更好地解决无线传感器网络中的定位问
题奠定了基础。
关键字:无线传感器网络,ZigBee 技术,到达时间差,定位

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南京邮电大学硕士研究生学位论文 Abstract
Abstract
Wireless work technology can bring convenience to people’s production and life, so
it has been rapidly developed. ZigBee technology has been widely used in wireless works
because it has a standardized protocol. ZigBee technology can be used to build low-cost wireless
works. Location information of the nodes in work plays an important role in
wireless work technology, so how to conveniently get the exact location has e a hot
topic in present study. There have been some solutions for positioning problems, such as
RSSI-based localization, TOA-based localization, TDOA-based localization, etc. But there are some
flaws in these localization technologies, so further studies are still required to better solving the
positioning problems in wireless works.
Localization technologies in wireless works were studied in this paper. First, ZigBee
technology and already existing position solutions in wireless works were introduced, and
range-based localization algorithms were focused. Second, a kind of TDOA algorithm which is
suitable for wireless works was proposed. For the localization algorithm, the stability of
the clock frequency offset between different chips was used and