文档介绍：第一节省略法
所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去,而是省略一些可有可无的,或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言****惯的词。
一、结构考虑的省略

在英文句子中,作主语的代词较多。为了使译文前后句子的意思紧凑,避免重复用词,或者为了使译文前后句子的主语能清楚地表示出来,有时可以将作主语的代词省去。但省去的人称代词在意思上仍明显地包含在译文里。例如:
1). That is the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.
但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。
2)Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.
像他的朋友一样,他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法,却只有少数付诸实施。
B. 在英语句子中,泛指的人称代词常常不译出来。例如:
1)One is never too old to learn.
活到老,学到老。
2)They say it’s so.
据说是这样。
C. 作宾语的代词往往也可省略。
在英语句子中,有时作宾语的代词,无论在前面是否提到过,翻译成汉语的时候往往可以不译出来。例如:
1)The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology.
下面的话一看就明白,用不着道歉。
2)If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
如果你读过这些故事,就用自己的话讲出来。
3)The more he tried to hide his warts, the more he revealed them.
他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤,就越是会暴露。
D. 省略物主代词
在英语句子里的物主代词,出现的频率很高。一个句子中往往会出现好几个物主代词,如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下,在翻译的时候物主代词大多省略。例如:
1)For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.
两个星期以来,他一直注意房子的情况,查看各个房间、留心电路的走向以及通道和花园的布局。
2) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.
为了生存,为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行,人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。
She felt the flowers were in her finger, on her lips, growing in her breast.
她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿,胸中也生长着花儿。

“it”也起着代词的作用,在译文中,当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候,往往可以省略。
it
1) Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
外面漆黑一团,下着瓢泼大雨。
2)A well—known characteristic of light is that it travels in straight lines.
光的一个尽人皆知的特性是直线传播。

1) It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat.
将整瓶酒到进喉咙对他来说是小菜一碟。
2)It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.
只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
3. 省略连词
在英语和汉语的句子中,连词的用法有着许多的共同点,但英语中连词比汉语多,而且用得也比汉语广泛。因为在英语句子中,短语与短语、句子与句子之间多采用形合法,即要求结构上的完整。而汉语则不然。汉语句子结构一般都按时间顺序和逻辑关系排列,语序固定、关系明确,不需要太多的连词来表示相互之间的关系