文档介绍：新疆兵团农牧团场小额信贷研究

摘要
小额信贷理论在国内外已比较成熟,但在中国的实践过程中问题较多,仍处在探索
阶段。新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)根据自身实际,在金融服务农业方面探索出了惠
及兵团农业和职工的农牧团场的特殊小额信贷模式:不同于农村小额信贷农户和信贷部
门两方参与主体的模式,兵团实行的是职工、金融部门、团场三方参与主体的小额信贷
模式。兵团团场“统分结合”的双层经营体制——“企业承包制下的家庭承包制”,使
团场在小额信贷业务中扮演着监督农工履约行为的特殊角色,降低了兵团小额信贷业务
的交易费用。鉴于兵团小额信贷业务的特殊性,本文在总结梳理团场小额信贷模式的基
础上,以制度经济学、产权理论、金融理论以及博弈论为理论依据,对其运行机制和内
在履约机制进行较深入研究,得出:团场借助兵团体制优势,与金融部门合作,为团场
经济发展引入所需资金;金融部门在兵团特殊体制的庇护下,积极发展小额信贷业务,
比起面对单个职工,与团场合作风险低,便于监督控制,交易成本低;团场职工由于缺
少生产资金,主观上愿意借贷,通过博弈分析,职工与金融部门合作是最优选择。
本文在研究过程中发现团场小额信贷业务存在潜在的风险,兵团在逐渐向市场化方
向改革,若兵团体制优势丧失,违约风险会增强,所以应积极创新信贷模式,在评定信
用的基础上,适时与小额贷款担保公司合作,创新抵押品和担保方式。
关键词:团场,小额信贷,模式,运行机制,履约机制
I
新疆兵团农牧团场小额信贷研究
Abstract
Theory of micro-credit has been more mature at home and abroad,but in practice it has many
problems in china,still in the exploratory stage。Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (the Corps)
explore the benefit of employees of Agricultural Farms and the special micro-credit model according to
their reality in the financial services and agriculture:It is different from the farmers and rural
micro-finance credit sector participation in both the main mode of implementation of the staff corps,the
financial sector,corporations involved in the subject field of three micro-credit model。 Corps mission
field carries out“sub-system integration”of the two-tier management system –“enterprise contracting
system under the household contract responsibility system”,it plays a special role behavior in micro-credit
operations in the agricultural and industrial performance monitoring and reducs the small corps transaction
costs of credit operations。Given the special nature Corps microcredit,my paper sums up this mission in
the field of micro-credit model,basing on institutional economics,property rights theory,financial theory
and game theory as the theoretical basis,and studies its operating mechanism and pliance
mechanisms more in-depth:Farms with Corps institutional import the necessary