文档介绍：Emergence
Emergence: Contemporary Readings in Philosophy and Science
edited by Mark A. Bedau and Paul Humphreys
A Bradford Book
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
( 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Emergence : contemporary readings in philosophy and science / edited by Mark A. Bedau and
Paul Humphreys.
p. cm.
‘‘A Bradford book.’’
Includes bibliographical references and (p. ) index.
ISBN 978-0-262-02621-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-262-52475-9
(pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Emergence (Philosophy) 2. Science—Philosophy. I. Bedau, Mark. II. Humphreys, Paul.
2007
501—dc22 2007000949
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Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Sources xiii
Introduction 1
I Philosophical Perspectives on Emergence 7
Introduction to Philosophical Perspectives on Emergence
1 The Rise and Fall of British Emergentism 19
Brian P. McLaughlin
2 On the Idea of Emergence 61
Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim
3 Reductionism and the Irreducibility of Consciousness 69
John Searle
4 Emergence and Supervenience 81
Brian P. McLaughlin
5 Aggregativity: Reductive Heuristics for Finding Emergence 99
William C. Wimsatt
6 How Properties Emerge 111
Paul Humphreys
7 Making Sense of Emergence 127
Jaegwon Kim
8 Downward Causation and Autonomy in Weak Emergence 155
Mark A. Bedau
vi Contents
9 Real Patterns 189
Daniel C. t
II Scientific Perspectives on Emergence 207
Introduction to Scientific Perspectives