文档介绍：ANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
Laboratory for Particle Physics
Departmental Report CERN/AT 2007-1
AN INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENICS
Ph. Lebrun
President, Commission A1 “Cryophysics and Cryoengineering” of the IIR
Accelerator Technology Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
CONTENTS
1. LOW TEMPERATURES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.......................................................... 1
2. CRYOGENIC FLUIDS............................................................................................................................. 4
Thermophysical properties ............................................................................................................... 4
Liquid boil-off .................................................................................................................................. 6
Cryogen usage for equipment cooldown.......................................................................................... 7
Phase domains .................................................................................................................................. 7
3. HEAT TRANSFER AND THERMAL DESIGN.................................................................................... 8
Solid conduction............................................................................................................................... 8
Radiation .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Convection...................................................................................................................................... 10
Gas conduction............................................................................................................................... 11
Multi-layer insulation .................................................