文档介绍：心血管内科常用英文Symptoms症状chestdistress胸闷dyspnoea呼吸困难:paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,orthopneabreathlessness气促apoorefforttolerance cough咳嗽palpitation心悸precordialchestpain心前区胸痛retrosternallychestpain胸骨后胸痛precipitationbyexertion,promptlyreliefbyrestorsublingualnitrateasenseofoppressionortightnessinthechest-likeabandaroundthechestpatientsmaycloseahandaroundthethroat,putahandorclenchedfistonthesternummayradiatetotheneckorjar,fortinthearms(referredpain)occasionallyepigastricorinterscapular上腹部的/肩胛间的senseofimpendingdeath濒死感autonomicdisturbanceincludingsweating,nausea,vomitingSigns体征Vitalsigns生命体征bloodpressure(systolic/diastolic,pulsepressure脉压):hypertension/hypotensionpulserate脉律:regular/irregulardroppedbeat脉搏短绌respitatoryrate:tachypnea呼吸急促/respirationceases呼吸停止temperature:fever/clammyperipheries四肢湿冷cyanosis发绀lossofconsciousness,unconsciousness意识丧失ticoflimbs四肢抽搐gatism,urinaryandfecalincontinence大小便失禁cardiacapex(4/5thICS-MCLordisplacedlaterally)心尖palpableliftthrill震颤cardiacdilatation心脏扩大largerightatrium右房大dilatedleftventricle左室大beatsperminute,bpm(heartrate)心率:tachycardia/bradycardia,regular/irregularrhythmheartsounds:S1,S2,S3,S4gallop奔马律,lick收缩期卡嗒音,openingsnap(二尖瓣)开瓣音,pericardialknock心包叩击音heartmurmur心脏杂音systolic/diastolic/continousgrade1-5crescendo/decrescendo递增/递减radiationlocation pitch音调 quality性质pericardialfrictionrub,pericardialrub心包摩擦音inspiratorycrepitationsoverthelungbases,basalcrackles肺底湿啰音wheezingrale哮鸣音cardiomegaly心脏肥大elevatedvenouspressure distentionofjugularvein,jugularfilling,jugularvaricosity颈静脉怒张/充盈hepatojugularrefluxsign肝颈静脉回流征ascites腹水edemaoflowerextremity下肢水肿Hypertensivedisease高血压病sphygmomanometer;bloodpressuregauge,BPG血压计stethoscope听诊器hypertension primaryhypertensionsecondaryhypertensionchronickidneydisease,CKDdrugs:non-steroidanti-inflammatorydrug,NSAID非甾体类抗炎药glucocorticosteroids糖皮质激素mineralcorticoid,MCH盐皮质激素oralcontraceptives口服避孕药adrenomimetic拟肾上腺素药monoamineoxidaseinhibitor单***氧化酶抑制剂tricyclicantidepressant;TCA三环类抗抑郁药immunodepressant免疫抑制剂(如ciclosporin环孢素)erythropoieti