文档介绍：LONGMAN
PRONUNCIATION
DICTIONARY
STUDY GUIDE
Clare Fletcher
Longman
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Longman Group UK Limited
Longman House, Burnt Mill, Harlow,
Essex CM20 2JE, England
and panies throughout the world.
© Longman Group UK Limited 1990
All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Publishers.
ISBN 0 582
Set in Monophoto Century Schoolbook
Printed in Great Britain
by Richard Clay PLC., Bungay, Suffolk.
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Part A: Pronunciations and variants
1. Characters used in phonemic transcription -8
2. What pronunciations are given: the layout of entries -11
3. Alternative pronunciations
DIAGNOSTIC EXERCISE
ALTERNATIVES AT THE BEGINNING OF A WORD
ALTERNATIVES AT TH E END OF A WORD
ALTERNATIVES IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD
COMBINATIONS OF ALTERNATIVES
ALTERNATIVE PRONUNCIATIONS INVOLVING THE SYMBOL ▪
QUIZ ON ALTERNATIVE PRONUNCIATIONS
4. Inflected and derived words -20
APPLICATION EXERCISES ON LAYOUT OF ENTRIES.
ALTERNATIVE PRONUNCIATIONS. INFLECTIONS AND DERIVED FORMS -22
5. Optional sounds
SOUNDS SHOWN IN ITALICS: ELISION -26
SOUNDS SHOWN BY RAISED LETTERS: INSERTION
CONVERSATION FOR STUDY: OPTIONAL SOUNDS
6. Syllabic consonants -31
7. Compression
COMPRESSION INVOLVING A CONSONANT -35
COM PRESSION INVOLVING A VOWEL -37
CONVERSATION FOR STUDY: SYLLABIC CONSONANTS AND
COMPRESSION
Part B: Stress in words and phrases
8. Pairs of words with different stress -43
9. Stress marking
PRIMARY STRESS -45
SECONDARY AND PRIMARY STKKSS -47
TERTIARY STRESS -50
MIXED PATTERNS -53
10. Stress shift -58
11. Compounds and ph