文档介绍：Solid State Physics
Chetan Nayak
Physics 140a
Franz 1354; M, W 11:00-12:15
Office Hour: TBA; Knudsen 6-130J
Section: MS 7608; F 11:00-11:50
TA: Sumanta Tewari
University of California,
Los Angeles
September 2000
Contents
1 What is Condensed Matter Physics? 1
Length, time, energy scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Microscopic Equations vs. States of Matter, Phase Transitions, Critical
Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Broken Symmetries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Experimental probes: X-ray scattering, neutron scattering, NMR, ther-
modynamic, transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The Solid State: metals, insulators, s, superconductors . . . . 4
Other phases: liquid crystals, quasicrystals, polymers, glasses . . . . . 5
2 Review of Quantum Mechanics 7
States and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Density and Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
δ-function scatterer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Particle in a Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Harmonic Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Double Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Many-Particle Hilbert Spaces: Bosons, Fermions . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Review of Statistical Mechanics 18
ii
Microcanonical, Canonical, Grand Canonical Ensembles . . . . . . . . 18
Bose-Einstein and Planck Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Bose-Einstein Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Planck Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fermi-Dirac Distribu