文档介绍：应用快速成型技术重建人工颅骨
【摘要】应用CAD/CAM技术和快速成型技术,建立个性化设计、制造人工颅骨的快速响应体系。通过螺旋CT扫描、CAD三维重建成像、三种快速成型工艺,制成与患者颅骨缺损部位几何形态相同的个性化实体模型,应用翻模工艺和EH复合型生物活性人工骨材料,制成患者骨修复治疗用颅骨。结果显示人工颅骨几何外形与骨缺损部位非常吻合,与健康侧对称,临床效果非常满意。三种快速成型工艺中,选择性激光烧结法工艺较适合于个性化实体模型制作。完成整个制作流程的最快时间为2d。应用快速成型技术重建颅骨制作系统为颅骨缺损患者提供了一种可有效提高临床治疗效果和修复美学效果的新技术。
【关键词】快速成型;三维重建;颅骨;生物活性人工骨;个性化
Abstract:To build up an agile manufacturing architecture of individualized skull plate based on the technologies of CAD/CAM and rapid prototyping. The patients with skull defect were scanned with CT and reconstructed CAD 3-dimentional cranium images. Simulated models which were similar to their own skulls were made by the three kind of machines of rapid prototyping preprocessing, then skull plat were prepared with bioactive artificial bone materials according to the models by the technic of plaster cavity Results indicated that the contour of reconstructed skull were very coincidence, and symmetric with skull defect. The clinical results were satisfactory. The Selected Laser Sintering technic is fit for the manufacture of models of skull defect. The fastest time for plish the livelong process is two agile manufacturing architecture of individualized CAD/CAM techniques for skull reconstruction used bioactive artificial bone materials can provide a new means to treatment skull defect, improve operation accuracy, save time and rise beautiful outlook.
Key words:Rapid prototyping;3-dimentional reconstruction;Skull;Bioactive bone;Individuation
1 引言
快速成型技术(rapid prototyping, RP)是20世纪80年代中期诞生的一种新技术,其综合了计算机辅助设计(CAD)计算机辅助制造(CAM)技术、数据处理技术、数控技术、激光技术、精密机械驱动技术和材料科学等先进理念,将任何一个三维实体都视作为多个二维平面沿某一轴向叠加而成。RP技术已在航空航天、汽车设计、模具制造诸领域得到广泛应用。目前随着计算机三维重建技术的发展和相关处理软件的开发、完善,RP技术在医学领域方面的应用成为研究热点,其中在脑颅骨创伤方面的应用如颅骨板的计算机三维重建和个性化设计制造成为了现实[1-2],并且结合生物活性人工骨材料的应用,为复制出与患者颅骨缺损部位几何形态高度吻合、具有良好骨融合性的颅骨定制体提供了强有力的技术保障。另一方面便于医生的临床操作。RP技术的应用不仅可有效缩短临床手术时间,而且可明显提高临床治疗效果和修复美学效果[3]。这项工作必须整合几方面的资源和相关专业人员,建立一套快速有效的响应机制,包括数据文件传输、数据文件格式转换处理和颅骨定制体制作体系。我们将四年来的工作以及临床使用1 000多例的体会报告