文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
激光测距仪光学系统设计及目标漫反射特性研究
姓名:文晶娅
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:光学工程
指导教师:杨坤涛
20070130
摘要
距离的测量对国防建设和国民经济的发展都有重要意义。在现代战争中,飞机、
坦克、舰船、火炮以及各种轻武器上都装备了激光测距系统,这为有效打击目标提供
了保证;在民用方面,随着社会的发展,在自动化测试、控制、制造等许多领域中,为了
实现自动与自治,需要精确测量被测物与测头中心点之间的绝对距离。上述场合往往
不易放置合作目标,接收系统接收的是目标的漫反射光,这就对测距精度较高的测距
仪的光学系统的设计提出了更高的要求。
由于本课题采用的光源为半导体激光器,它具有发散角很大的特点。为了使光束
在传播过程中能量集中,以提高测程和测距精度,因此必须对半导体激光束进行准直。
其次,由于本课题设计的光学系统是用于无合作目标测距仪的,接收光学系统接收的
是目标的漫反射光,那么接收到的光能量会很小,所以如何设计接收光学系统,使它
能够接收到尽可能多的能量,是非常重要的。另外,由于发射系统球差的存在,必然
会影响准直后光束的性能,从而影响整个测距仪的探测能力,本文导出了由球差引起
的像方束腰变化量与接收光功率的关系式,并针对该关系式分析了球差对测距仪探测
性能的影响。
另外在非合作目标激光测距中,物体表面的漫反射特性也决定了能够接收到的
光功率的大小。因此研究被测物表面的漫反射特性对计算接收到的漫反射功率是很
重要的。本课题设计了一种测量漫反射性能的实验,针对几种典型的目标测量了其
漫反射性能,并对实验结果进行了分析和总结。这对计算接收光功率是有借鉴意义
的。

关键词:激光测距非合作目标半导体激光器光学设计漫反射特性
准直

I
Abstract
It’s very important for the development of national defence and country economy to
measure the distance. In modern battle, many small arms such as airplane, panzer, warship
and artillery have equipped the system of laser rangefinder to guarantee the validity of
beating the object. In the aspect for civil, with the development of the society, it is necessary
to measure the absolute distance between the object and the center of the measurement in
order to achieve self-rule in many fields such as automatic testing, controlling, and
manufacturing and so on, it isn’t easy to place the cooperative object, and what the system
received is the diffuse reflex of the object. So it requires more for the design of the
rangefinder used for short distance measuring.
The lamp-house we have adopted is Semiconductor Lasers, and it has a large
emanative angle. We must emendate the beam of Semiconductor Lasers light to make the
energy centralized . For the second, as the energy of the light what the system received is
very small, we must design the optic system that can both receive as much energy as it can
and satisfy the requirement about the aberration,which