文档介绍：MotivationMain Contents ?Defining motivation界定动机/激励?Early Theories of Motivation早期的动机理论?Contemporary Theories of Motivation当代的动机理论Defining motivation(掌握)Motivationis the process that account for an individual’s intensity,direction, and persistenceof effort toward attaining a ,它体现了个体为了实现目标而付出的努力强度、方向和坚持性。Intensity: how hard a person : the quality of effortPersistence: how long a person can maintain 新的需要激励Meaning of motivation激励的涵义Motivation process:?High intensity is unlikely to lead to favorable job-performance es unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits anization. ?高强度不一定会带来令人满意的工作业绩,除非这种努力指向有利于组织的方向。?Effort that is directed toward, and consistent with, anization’s goals is the kind of effort that we should be seeking.?那些指向组织目标并与组织目标始终一致的努力才是我们所追求的。?Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.?受到动机激励的个体可以长时间地从事一项任务,直到实现他们的目标。Early Theories of Motivation(掌握)?Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory马斯洛需要层次理论?Alderfer's ERG theory奥尔德弗“ERG”理论?Theory X and theory YX理论和Y理论?Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory赫茨伯格双因素理论一. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs1. Background of the theory?Maslow suggested that motivation is simply action taken to meet a ?Individuals always have needs. ?However, those needs differ by kind. ?When one need is met, another ,出现?Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory offers a pyramid of physiological, safety, social, esteem,and self-actualization needs.?Higher order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are esteem and self-actualization.?Lower order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological,safety,and theory contentSelf?actualizationneedsEsteem needsSociality needsSafety needsBasic or physiological needsLower-OrderneedsHigher-Order Needs