文档介绍：Session 2
语音与文字
Vowels and Consonants
English – 12 vowels
8 diphthongs
2 semi-vowels
24 consonants
Chinese – 10 单韵母(vowels)
13 复韵母(diphthongs)
15 鼻韵母(vowels+nasal consonants)
22 声母(consonants)
Vowels and Consonants
English – simple structure
more logical
strict forms
conception-centred, straightforward, ‘masculine’
Chinese – greater varieties
different levels of vowels
relatively loose forms
apperception-centred, beautified, ‘feminine’
Things Can plex …
English: binations of letters to form syllables (phonemes)
eg. son – sun, fir – fur, sea – see, knot – not,
week – weak, tail – tale, meddle – medal
Chinese: 同音词,近音词,叠音词
eg. 音信-音讯,隐讳-隐晦,折中-折衷,
统统-通通,异香-异乡,期中-期终
Intonations
Chinese is a tonal language(声调语言).
Dead. Killed? No. Yes!
--Thomas Francis Wade (魏妥玛)
English is an intonational language(语调语言).
Functions of C & E Intonations
语调类型
降调
升调
平调
曲折调
语调含义
汉英
汉英
汉英
汉英
完整
+ +
- -
- -
- -
未完
- -
+ +
+ +
- +
平叙
+ +
- -
- -
- -
疑惑
- -
+ +
- -
- -
命令
+ +
- -
- -
- -
感叹
+ +
- -
- -
- -
含蓄
- -
- -
- -
+ +
肯定
+ +
- -
- -
- -
Linguistic Functions of Chinese Tones
(摊子,坛子,毯子,探子)
(和气,一唱一和,好人,好客)
(声调-声调,音节-音节)
(翻江倒海,高谈阔论,风平浪静,山青水秀)
Linguistic Functions of English Intonations
1. Accentual function (nucleus placement)
2. Grammatical function (ambiguity elimination)
3. Semantic function (negative and questions)
4. Discourse function (conversational principles)
What about the Form?
“…….我还斗胆设想,如果汉语的词像英语的词那样节奏不一,如male跟female(阳/阴) ﹑heaven跟earth(天/地)﹑rational跟surd(有理数/无理数),汉语就不会有‘阴阳’﹑‘乾坤’之类影响深远的概念。-- 赵元任
“受中庸哲学思想的影响,中衡美,除了极为频繁地使用对仗这一修辞格,还大量使用四字词组。
-- 陈宏薇
Examples Analysis
仕宦至将相,富贵归故乡。
- 欧阳修《相州锦堂记》
仕宦而至将相,富贵而归故乡。