文档介绍：Session 3
形合与意合
Example from a Symposium
各美其美,
美人之美,
美美与共,
天下大同!
Binary Oppositions between English & Chinese
英语:法治,刚性,显性,语法型,主体性,聚焦型
汉语:人治,柔性,隐性,语用型,平面性,流散型
Most Importantly:
形合(hypotaxis) (parataxis)
形合(Hypotaxis)
The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’e.
意和(Parataxis)
The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. For example, The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away.
Key Difference – use of connectives
Connectives (联系用语)
Relative pronoun (关系代词)
Relative adverb(关系副词)
Coordinator(并列连接词)
Subordinator (从属连接词)
Overt cohesion cohesion
显性连接 vs. 隐性连接
Relative Pronoun (who, whom, which, that, what)
小句是修饰和被修饰关系,在语法上是主句与定语从句关系。
He is one of the boys who always does well at school.
This is what he told us at the meeting.
Relative Adverb (when, where, why, how)
小句是修饰和被修饰关系,在语法上是主句和定语从句关系,相当于“介词+which”。
This is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
Do you know the way how they solved the problems?
这两类表示小句间关系的关系代词和关系副词是汉语中没有的。