文档介绍：494 Schmidt et al.
■ research article
Sector-based approach to the post-2012 climate
change policy architecture
JAKE SCHMIDT, NED HELME, JIN LEE, MARK HOUDASHELT*
Center for Clean Air Policy, 750 First Street, NE, Suite 940, Washington, DC 20002, USA
A sectoral approach to GHG emissions reductions in developing countries is proposed as a ponent of the post-
2012 climate change mitigation framework. In this approach, the ten highest-emitting developing countries in the
electricity and other major industrial sectors pledge to meet voluntary, ‘no-lose’ GHG emissions targets in these sectors.
No penalties are incurred for failing to meet a target, but emissions reductions achieved beyond the target level earn
emissions reduction credits (ERCs) that can be sold to industrialized nations. Participating developing countries
establish initial ‘no-lose’ emissions targets, based upon their national circumstances, from sector-specific energy-
intensity benchmarks that have been developed by independent experts. Industrialized nations then offer incentives for
the developing countries to adopt more stringent emissions targets through a ‘Technology Finance and Assistance
Package’, which helps to e financial and other barriers to technology transfer and deployment. These sector-
specific energy-intensity benchmarks could also serve as a means for establishing national economy-wide targets in
developed countries in the post-2012 regime. Preliminary modelling of a hybrid scenario, in which Annex I countries
adopt economy-wide absolute GHG emissions targets and high-emitting developing countries adopt ‘no-lose’ sectoral
targets, indicates that such an approach significantly improves the likelihood that atmospheric concentrations of CO2
can be stabilized at 450 ppmv by the end of the century.
Keywords: climate change; developing countries; energy-intensity benchmark; financial incentives; no-lose target;
post-2012; sector emissions; technolog