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Noise, Shock & Vibration Conference, 1974 Monash University, Melbourne.
VIBRATION SIGNATURE ANALYSIS - TECHNIQUES AND
INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS
. Randall
Bruel & Kjaer
Naerum, Denmark.
Vibration signals measured at the external surfaces of a machine contain a
great deal of information as to the internal processes and a number of monitoring
and analysis techniques can be applied to extract information from these signals.
This paper discusses the area of applicability of the various techniques,
which fall into three main categories:
(i) Field measurement with portable instruments.
(ii) Field recording followed by detailed analysis.
(iii) Permanent on-line monitoring.
Principles for the selection of suitable instrumentation and data processing
systems are discussed, with respect to the types of information which can be ex­
tracted, the degree plexity of the machine, and the amount of data to be
handled.
The most important analysis technique is narrow band spectral analysis, and
this can be carried out by normal swept-frequency techniques, high-speed swept
frequency techniques or real-time analysis techniques. Where required, the spec­
trum can be obtained in digital form from analogue analyzers or by direct digit­
al analysis. Other useful techniques include time domain averaging and cepstrum
analysis.
Practical cases associated with machine health monitoring in a number of
chemical plants are included as illustrations and prehensive bibliography
is given in the paper.
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It is a well-known fact that an experienced mechanic can detect by ear the development of
many faults in for example an automobile engine, to the extent that the sound "signatures" of many
such faults have acquired standard names: "piston slap", "bearing knock", "pinging" etc.
The concept of "vibration signature analysis" is in principle wery similar: machines in good
condition generally tend to have a fairly sta