文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
开孔与闭孔泡沫铝力学性能的实验研究
姓名:康颖安
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:一般力学与力学基础
指导教师:张俊彦
20060501
湘潭大学硕士学位论文
摘要

泡沫铝是以铝或铝合金为骨架,含大量胞孔的三维多孔金属材料,按胞孔结构
可分为开孔和闭孔泡沫铝两种。泡沫铝由于具有低密度、独特的表面效应、体积效
应、优良的力学、电、热和声学性能,为轻结构、能量吸收和热能管理提供了巨大
的潜能。上述性能的组合使其应用范围远远超过单一功能材料,因而泡沫铝在国民
经济的各领域和部门具有广泛的应用前景。
本文采用实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,主要研究了两种不同胞孔结构、
制备方法不同的开孔与闭孔泡沫铝的基本力学性能,以此为材料制备和工程应用提
供理论依据。具体内容包括:
对泡沫铝进行准静态压缩实验,研究相对密度对其力学性能的影响,以及泡沫
铝的应变率敏感性和胞孔结构对泡沫铝的压缩响应曲线的影响;在此基础上讨论其
能量吸收性能,采用参数吸能效率 E 和理想吸能效率 I 来表征泡沫铝的吸能特性,
吸能效率反映材料本身的一种属性,高的理想吸能效率表明泡沫铝是一种优良的吸
能材料。
采用分离式 Hopkinson 压杆(SHPB)测试泡沫铝在高应变率(102~103s-1)下的
动态压缩力学性能,得到泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线,进一步研究相对密度对胞孔结构
不同的泡沫铝动态力学性能的影响,以及泡沫铝在动态压缩载荷下应变率敏感性及
失效机制。
进行了泡沫铝在不同相对密度下的准静态拉伸力学性能,得到泡沫铝的拉伸应
力-应变曲线,同时与准静态压缩力学性能比较。通过数值模拟的方法,给出泡沫铝
压缩与拉伸本构关系。

关键词:泡沫铝;力学性能;应变率敏感性;吸能性;相对密度;胞孔结构

I
湘潭大学硕士学位论文
Abstract

Aluminum foam is a kind of engineering material, which has relatively high stiffness and
strength achievable at low density. According to the cell structure, aluminum foams have open
cells and closed cells. Closed cells are that each cell is sealed off from its neighbors by
membrane-like faces, and open cells are that the cells interconnect. Due to their unique
structure, mechanical properties and energy absorbing capacity, aluminum foams have found
applications in a number of fields as an excellent energy absorber and impact-protector and are
regarded as the most promising materials in the automobile, railway and aerospace industries.
For these reasons, the mechanical properties of aluminum foams have drawn much attention in
recent years and e one of the most attractive topics in mechanics and materials sciences.
In the present paper, the mechanical properties of aluminum foams with various densities
including open cells and closed cells have been researched bining experimental study
with theoretical analysis. The conclusion will make an important role in production methods
and its application.
Firstly, quasi-pressive