文档介绍：Supply Chain and Operations Management Glossary
4 July
© LINDO Systems 2003
This glossary was piled in conjunction with a course
on Logistics and Supply Chain Management at the University of Chicago.
Entries tend to be arranged according to their abbreviation. Thus, Bill-Of-Material is
defined under BOM. The reasoning is that it is easier to deduce the abbreviation from a
phrase, than deduce the phrase from the abbreviation.
3PL (Third Party Logistics): The use of an outside party to perform some part of the logistics function,
typically trucking or warehousing. It is appropriate if there are economies of scale in the logistics
function.
ABC Analysis: Partition of products into three groups according to their yearly dollar volume. A typical
result is that 30% of the products (the A’s) comprise 70% of the volume. More sophisticated control
procedures are appropriate for class A products. Very simple, cheap methods suffice for managing
class C items. This is similar to Pareto analysis.
ABC (Activity Based Costing): An accounting method that attempts to closely associate costs, particularly
indirect costs, with the activities that generate the costs. This is sometimes also called transaction-
based costing. The most crucial aspect of ABC is identifying the “cost drivers”(., number of stops
on a delivery route, number of miles on a delivery route, number of pallets delivered, etc.) and then
deducing the cost rate to apply to each activity.
. Nielsen: A Chicago based supplier of industry sales data for consumer products (., supermarkets).
These data are obtained from sources such as cash register scanners. Another supplier of such data is
IRI.
Acre: unit of land measure= 4840 square yards= hectares. 640 acres=1 square mile. See SI units.
AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle): a driverless vehicle used in warehouses and factories to move material.
It can replace forklifts for some tasks. Usually t