文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
民事诉讼中的弱势群体保护研究
姓名:冯杨
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:诉讼法学
指导教师:廖永安
20060501
摘要
民事诉讼中弱势群体的保护问题,是人权问题的一个重要内容。随着我国贫
富差距的扩大、社会分层的日益明显以及不同利益集团冲突、矛盾的加剧,弱势
群体正日益受到人们的关注。下岗工人、残疾人、老年人、妇女和儿童以及广大
农民等,都属于这一群体范畴,民工、被雇佣者、消费者等在诉讼中的弱势地位,
让这一队伍有不断扩大的趋势。如何加强对弱势群体的保护,使得社会各阶层或
群体的利益能够和谐而平衡地发展,进而促进整个社会的发展,业已成为一亟待
解决的问题。文章从民事诉讼角度入手,探讨弱势群体保护的问题。上个世纪 70
年代,西方国家开展了一系列“接近正义”的运动,从贫困者到扩散性利益的保
护再到替代性纠纷解决机制的建立,这为我国树立了良好的学习榜样。要切实加
强民事诉讼中弱势群体的保护,就要真正理解平等的含义,在追求实质平等的基
础上,才能有可能实现弱势群体权益的保护。当前我国民事诉讼中弱势群体权利
的保护具备诸多有利条件,但仍然存在很多不足。文章从阐述构建民事诉讼法弱
势群体保护机制的必要性入手,就我国的“以人为本”的现代立法理念、实质正
义的彰显、实质平等的体现三方面进行分析。然后探讨了弱势群体权利保护目前
所面临的问题和法律发展趋势,以期能引起人们对弱势群体权利保护状况的关注
与重视,并努力改善之。最后分析了诉讼模式转变带来的影响,在微观上对民事
诉讼制度提出改善意见,具体包括地域管辖制度、当事人制度、证据制度、程序
设计等,以期从这几方面逐步改善我国的民事诉讼中保护弱势群体的现状。
关键词:弱势群体;以人为本;实质平等;地域管辖;法律援助
I
Abstract
The protection of vulnerable groups in civil proceedings, is an important element
of human rights issues. Along with the expansion of the gap between the rich and the
poor, social stratification visible increase and intensified conflicts between different
interest groups, the vulnerable groups are growing concerns. Laid-off workers, the
disabled, the elderly, women and children and farmers, and so on, all belong to these
group areas. Workers, employees, consumers and others of vulnerable status in the
proceedings who make this team be growing trend. How to strengthen the protection of
vulnerable groups, in order to make the interests of the various strata of society develop
harmoniously and balanced, and promote the development of society, what has became
a pressing issue. The article enters from the civil proceedings angle of view, investigates
the questions of the protection of vulnerable groups. The seventies last century, the
western countries had launched a series of movements, 'close to justice', which about
the protection from the poor to the diffusible interests and the establishment of
alternative dispute r