文档介绍：ess in Surfactant EOR:
Avoid the Failure Mechanisms
e J. Hirasaki
Rice University
SPE ATW on Chemical Flooding EOR
January 16-19, 2011
Penang, Malaysia
Requirements for Surfactant EOR
• Ultra-Low IFT
• Mobility Control
• Transport Across Reservoir
Phase Behavior of Anionic Surfactant, Brine, and Oil
Reed and Healy, 1977
Interfacial Tension Correlates with the Volume Ratios
in the Microemulsion
Healey, Reed, and Stenmark, 1975
There is synergism in blending surfactants.
NI Surfactant Blends Improve Calcium Tolerance
% N67-7PO&IOS, 2% NaCl
%
Phase Separation
Precipitation
%
Clear
% Multi-Phase Region
Concentration
2 %
CaCl CaCl
%
1-Phase Region
%
IOS 1:4 1:2 1:1 2:1 4:1 9:1 N67-7PO
N67-7PO S:IOS-15/18 (w/w)
Capillary Number Required for
Displacement Depends on Wettability
Stegemeier, 1975
Waterfloods
Buoyancy Contributes to Mobilization
Pennell, Pope, Abriola, 1996
22
NT N Ca 2 N Ca N B sin N B
uww
NCa
ow cos
g k krw
NB
ow cos
Dolomite
A essful ASP Process sand pack
% NI, PV, 2% NaCl, 1% Na2CO3, 5000ppm polymer,MY4 crude oil (19cp)
Injected Pore Volumes
Displacement profiles with ASP and foam drive