文档介绍：宁夏大学
硕士学位论文
论特殊正当防卫的法理分析和规则完善
姓名:周瑞明
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:法学理论
指导教师:张秉民
2011-04
摘要
为增强公民同严重的暴力犯罪分子作斗争的意识,提升保护公民的人身权利,同时便于将犯
罪疯子绳之以法,新刑法在第 20 条第 3 款设立了特殊正当防卫权。然而,该款自颁布至今,争
议不断。争议主要集中在:第一,学界在特殊正当防卫权的定义问题有各类看法,先后有数种定
义。第二,特殊正当防卫权的保留与废除的问题。部分学者考虑特殊正当防卫权的立法,在理论
与实践上均不够科学,因此提倡废除;部分学者考虑特殊正当防卫权的设立,对于切实维护公民
之合法权益,严惩暴力犯罪,弘扬社会正义均凸显特殊的意义。第三,特殊正当防卫权在具体法
律运行中存在需完善的地方,如行凶,暴力犯罪,其他严重犯罪等的断定,由谁举证等。本文从
特殊正当防卫权的立法背景和立法本意出发,在进一步分析学界的争鸣和特殊防卫的立法实际的
基础上,从法理学的角度论述了特殊正当防卫权体现的特殊价值和意义,阐述了个人的见解,选
取特殊正当防卫权这一概念。首先,特殊正当防卫权是多种说法中的最优之选。它体现了集中优
势。其次,通过分析国内外立法体例的角度分析特殊正当防卫权,此文观点是确立我国特殊正当
防卫权值得肯定,该权的设立具有十足的理论支撑和相应的法律价值,并且在司法实践中效果良
好。最后,从刑法的规定分析,特殊正当防卫权的适用条件在客观方面受重视,主观方面易被忽
视。特殊正当防卫权的设立体现了我国刑法中正当防卫制度的积极进步。必须看到,刑法第 20
条第 3 款的规定仍需完善,如不合理的法条设置、不明确的法条内容等等,本文给出了对应的立
法参考意见。

关键词:特殊正当防卫权,法理思考,司法实践,建议

I
Abstract
In order to encourage people to fight actively against the violent crimes seriously threatening
personal safety ,the Article 20(3)in the new Criminal Law sets up the right of special self-defense .
However, the regulation has always been in controversy both in theoretical field and judicial
practice, which focuses on three main problems as follows. The first problem is what the appellation of
Article 20(3)is. There are many appellations about it, such as: the right of special self-defense, the right
of boundless defense, the right of absolute defense, the exception of excessive defense and so on. The
second problem is whether the right of special self-defense should be kept or not. Some scholars think
there is not much practical meaning in the existence of the right of special self-defense because there is
the right of self-defense, while other scholars think it is of great value both theoretically and practically.
It is favorable to protect citizens’ legitimate rights and interests effectively and to punish the serious
violent criminal offence effectively. The third problem is what the conditions of using the right of