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英文原文
Developing a Theory of Reverse Logistics
Reverse logistics, a fairly new concept in logistics, has gained increasing importance as a profitable and sustainable business strategy. I describe a holistic view of reverse logistics and distill11 insights for essful implementation of reverse logistics from the existing literature and published case studies. The strategic factors consist of strategic costs, overall quality, customer service, environmental concerns, and legislative concerns. The operational factors consist of cost-benefit analysis, transportation, warehousing, supply management, remanufacturing and recycling, and packaging. Insights about these factors together form the state-of-the-art knowledge about the keys to essful design and use of reverse-logistics systems.
Reverse logistics is a process in which a manufacturer systematically accepts previously shipped products or parts from the point for consumption for possible recycling, remanufacturing, or disposal. A reverse-logistics system incorporates a supply chain that has been redesigned to manage the flow of products or parts destined for remanufacturing, recycling, or disposal and to use resources effectively. Reverse logistics has received a great dealof attention from operations managers pany executives. The issues surrounding functions, channels, differences between forward and reverse operations, cost, and other general information about reverse logistics have been described by Kopicki et al. [1993], Pohlen and Farris [1992], Sarkis [1995], Stock [1992], and Thierry et al. [1995].
Reverse logistics is practiced in many industries, including those producing steel, commercial aircraft, computers, automobiles, chemicals, appliances and medical items. Companies that have practiced reverse logistics include BMW, Delphi, DuPont, General Motors, Hewlett-Packard, Storage Tek, and TRW. Thierry et al. [1995] report that reverse logistics is widely used in the automobile industry. It provides a