文档介绍：2012年考研英语一词多义总结
前言
大家虽然费了很大力气才记住一些单词,在考试中却往往起不到作用。
  其实,任何人如果能够多了解一些英语语言学的基础知识,便可以对这种情况有比较清楚的认识。英语语义学将一个单词的含义划分为七个层面,普通英汉词典中给出的往往只是单词的概念意义( conceptual meaning ),或者至多也不过是供参考和选择的潜在语意,即脱离了使用场合后的基本含义,其目的只是为了方便学忆。但大家都很明白,单词一旦脱离使用环境就不再具有任何实际意义了。另外,从词源学角度讲,每个单词在特定时期通常只有一个主导含义。考研英语考试中选取的语篇基都是最新材,因此词汇含义当然也是最新的,有些甚至市面上通行的词典还未来得及收录。
   针对这种情况,笔者特意为考生编制了这个一词多义总结。名为多义,实际上除了个别意义确实较多的单词外,大部分还是一义,即这些单词在近年考试真题中出现时的最主要含义(有些条目指的是注释中带有下划线的部分)。当然,如果某些单词的常用含义确实不止一个,我们也基于语用学的基本原则为大家指出这些含义所使用的场合(为使考生理解得更加准确,个别单词甚至附上其英语解释)。
例子:
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming
The wear-and-tear es from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
Managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
Works by Gore Vidal, Henry Wiencek, and Garry Wills reveal the fragile nature of the country's infancy.
This “ added-worker effect” could support the to help families weather bad times.
trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment
bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting pliance troubles.
For younger families, the picture is not any better.
This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse
The large, slow-growing animals were easy game.
A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia is a promising start.
Americans no longer expect public mand the English language with skill and gift.
On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic.
正文部分
•  above / beyond: 介词,后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”,例如:“ prehension ”的意思是“无法理解”。
•  in the absence of something: “缺少,没有”,用于替代“ i