文档介绍：摘要
随着经济全球化、市场动态化、需求个性化趋势日益显著,航运企业面临着更多的机遇和挑战。一方面,航运市场的空前扩大和航运需求的不断涌现给航运企业带来了众多的市场机会;另一方面,市场机遇稍纵即逝,对航运企业的市场反应能力和新产品开发能力提出了更高的要求。如何迅速把握住动态变化的市场机遇成为航运企业经营管理与参与竞争的策略关键。航运需求的多样化使得单个航运企业很难同时具备提供航运服务的多种优势资源,对于规模偏小、实力较弱的中小航运企业来说更是如此。而航运企业在特定的市场机遇下缺乏某种核心能力时,最好的办法不是永久购置,而是寻求拥有该能力的伙伴,借助外部力量,实现外部资源的优化。因此,本文提出了中小航运企业针对市场机遇实施的一种新的竞争策略和经营理念——航运虚拟企业。
航运虚拟企业的研究是航运市场竞争战略理论的创新,深化了航运企业合作竞争的理念,拓宽了中小航运企业实现市场机遇、参与市场竞争的途径,对我国中小航运企业的经营管理具有现实性和前瞻性的指导意义。
本文首先介绍了虚拟企业的产生和发展,对航运虚拟企业的基本理论进行了论述,包括其定义、构成主体以及同航运联盟的区别等;然后分析了我国中小航运企业组建航运虚拟企业的现实动因;接着从产业经济学角度分析了航运虚拟企业的形成原因、成员数量、信任合作机制以及经济效益等问题;最后,从机遇识别、伙伴选择和组织设计三个方面,对航运虚拟企业的组建过程进行了深入研究,并以舟山中小航运企业作为试点对象,提出了组建航运虚拟企业的对策和建议。
关键词:航运虚拟企业,中小航运企业,现实动因,经济学分析,组建过程
ABSTRACT
As the economic globalization, the dynamic trend of market and the individualized trend of demand are obvious day by day, shipping enterprises face more opportunities and more challenges. On one hand, shipping market expanding unprecedentedly and shipping demand emerging constantly bring numerous market chances to shipping enterprises. On the other hand, market opportunities appear fast but lose promptly, so the ability of response to the market and development of new products of shipping enterprises is demanded urgently. It es the key strategy how to rapidly get hold of dynamically changing market opportunities for the management petence of shipping enterprises. Because of the variety of the shipping demand, it is not easy for the individual shipping enterprise to possess many kinds of superior resources at the same time, especially for middle and small shipping enterprises which have less scale and inferior strength. When lacking a certain key capability under some specific market opportunity, the best method is not purchasing it forever, but seeking the partners with the capability, drawing support from external strength to realize the optimization of outside resources. So this thesis puts forward a kind of petitive strategy and new management theory for middle and small shipping enter