文档介绍：南京航空航天大学
硕士学位论文
中国近代科学体制化研究-以科学社团的历史演变为视角
姓名:张新峰
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:科学技术哲学
指导教师:张怀明
2011-03
南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要
科学体制化是影响一个国家科技与社会经济发展状况的重要因素。中国在洋务运动时期有
了科学体制化的最早形态。随着洋务运动的开展,西方近代科学和技术大量传入中国,学习和
掌握近代科学和技术的新型知识分子作为一个群体逐渐兴起。中国近代科技知识分子在洋务运
动中逐步发展,从甲午战争到民国初年,伴随着教育改革,留学高潮逐步壮大,建立了大量的
科学社团,并从事科学研究和学术的交流,推动了中国近代科学的发展。作为中国近代第一个
综合性科学社团——中国科学社,在科学体制化方面做了许多有益的探索,在普及科学知识、
推进学术交流、进行科学研究,引进奖励机制方面都作出了贡献。但由于民间社团的局限,中
国科学社在科学体制建设方面还不够完善,体制化程度比较低。1928 年,中央研究院成立。中
央研究院进一步推动了中国近代科学的发展,完善了中国科学体制,中国近代科学体制化就此
完成。萌发于清末的科学社团,经过民国初年的发展壮大,不断推动着中国近代科学体制化进
程。从松散的、民间科学社团到综合的官办科学机构的转变过程中,中国科学社等科学社团发
挥了重要的作用。

关键词:洋务运动,科学体制化,科学社团,中国科学社,中央研究院

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中国近代科学体制化研究
ABSTRACT
Scientific institutionalization is an important factor to influence science and

economy of a
nation. The initial stage of scientific institutionalization appeared in the time of Westernization
Movement in China. With the development of Westernization Movement, a lot of western science and
technology was introduced into China. And the new intellectuals who accepted and held the
knowledge of the modern western culture was increasing vigorously. With the development of new
intellecturals, the intellectural group of science and technology appeared. Modern intellecturals of
science and technology gradually increased in Westernization Movement. Between the sino-japanese
war and the early Republic of China, the quantity and scale of scientific associations enlarged along
with the promotion of the education reform and the modern China overseas education. Modern
intellecturals of science and anized various types of scientific associations engaged in
science research and munication. These scientific associations promoted the development
of science in modern China. As the prehensive scientific association of China, Science
Society of China had done a lot of useful exploration in scientific institutionalization, also had made
many contributions in the popularization of scientific knowledge, the promotion of sci