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正态分布的发展及应用
薛峰杰
（东海科学技术学院，浙江 舟山 ）
摘 要
生活中诸多的经验和理论都表明，我们所处的环境中服从正态分布的事件是极其常见的。例如：工程中的加工尺寸，人的身高，降雨量等都可以看做是正态分布。所以在统计学中对于正态分布的使用越来越广泛。本文是对正态分布的发展以及应用做一些基本的阐述。
正态分布又名高斯分布，德国数学家高斯对于正态分布的形成与发展有着举足轻重的地位。正态分布从无到有，最后成为数理统计中非常重要的模型大致可分为三个阶段：第一个阶段是形成阶段，18世纪30年代数学家狄莫弗在一个赌博问题的概率计算中意外发现了正态曲线，所以人们也把正态分布的起源归于赌博问题，但由于社会及个人的问题，正态曲线在那时并没都得到很大的发展。第二个阶段是18世纪中叶正态分布的模型建立，在天文学发展的刺激下，数学家拉普拉斯，高斯对于正态分布又有了新的拓展，让人们逐渐认识到了其在天文，误差领域的应用。第三阶段19世纪中叶在凯特莱，高尔顿的努力下，使正态分布进入到自然和科学领域，从此进入了统计学的大家庭。最后本文总结了现阶段正态分布的一些最基本最实用的应用。
【关键词】正态分布 狄莫弗 拉普拉斯 高斯 凯特莱
Development and Application of the Normal Distribution
Fengjie xue
(Department of mathematics physics and information, Donghai Science & Technology School )
Abstract
Many life experiences and theories that we normally distributed environment in which the event is extremely common. For example: the size of the project in the process, a person’s height, rainfall and so can be seen as a normal distribution. Therefore, the normal distribution in statistics more widely used. This article is a normal development and application to do some basic exposition.
Normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian distribution, the German mathematician Gauss for the formation and development of the normal distribution has a pivotal position. Normal distribution from scratch, eventually became a very important mathematical statistics model can be divided into three stages: the first stage is the formation stage, 18 in the 1930s mathematician Moivre probability calculations in a gambling problem accidentally discovered normal curve, so people have attributed the origin of the normal distribution of gambling problems, but because of social and personal problems, the normal curve at that time did not have a great development. The second stage is the mid-18th century the normal distribution model, the stimulation of the development of astronomy, mathematician Laplace, Gaussian normal distribution has a new development, so that people come to realize t