文档介绍：1. What is culture? On the surface: customs and behavior More deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them In a word: Culture is all about meanings Hall: Culture is everything and everywhere 4. What munication? ???? comes from the Latin word “ communicare ”, it means to give or to exchange. Now, the most common meaning of “ communication ” is to give or exchange information or ideas. ? Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (the basis of all human contact) ? Communication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols. ( ) Elements munication ? Context (location, time, light, temperature, seating arrangements) ? Participants (relationship, gender, culture) ? Messages (meanings, symbols, encoding and decoding) ? Channels (sound, sight, smell, taste, touch) ? Noise (external noise, internal noise, semantic noise) ? feedback Linear Model munication Sender Receiver Channel (message) encoding decoding noise Is this an effective model of communication? Mode munication Interactive Model munication Sender Receiver Sender Receiver encoding decoding noise Feedback is essential to munication decoding encoding message / channel message / channel 5. Characteristics munication ? 1) Communication is dynamic ? 2) Communication is interactive ? 3) Communication is irreversible ? 4) Communication takes place in both a physical and social context. 6. munication ? Samovar & Porter munication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter munication event. munication refers to any communication between two members of any munities. munication Vs Cross-munication ? Cross-munication the similarities and differences in value orientations, a