文档介绍：1. What is culture?
On the surface: customs and behavior
More deeply: what the behavior and
customs mean to the
people who are following
them
In a word: Culture is all about meanings
Hall: Culture is everything and everywhere
4. What munication?
es from the Latin word “communicare”, it means to give or to exchange. Now, the mon meaning of “communication” is to give or exchange information or ideas.
Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (the basis of all human contact)
Communication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols. ()
2
Elements munication
Context (location, time, light, temperature, seating arrangements)
Participants (relationship, gender, culture)
Messages (meanings, symbols, encoding
and decoding)
Channels (sound, sight, smell, taste, touch)
Noise (external noise, internal noise,
semantic noise)
feedback
3
Linear Model munication
Sender
Receiver
Channel (message)
encoding
decoding
noise
Is this an effective model munication?
Mode munication
4
Interactive Model munication
Sender
Receiver
Sender
Receiver
encoding
decoding
noise
Feedback is essential to munication
decoding
encoding
message / channel
message / channel
5
5. Characteristics munication
1) Communication is dynamic
2) Communication is interactive
3) Communication is irreversible
4) Communication takes place in both a physical and social context.
6
6. munication
Samovar & Porter
munication munication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter munication event.
munication refers to munication between two members of any munities.
7
munication Vs Cross-munication
Cross-munication
the similarities and differences in value orientations, affective dispositions, relationship management, communicative styles (psychological process)
munication
the ration by a member of one culture into another culture