文档介绍：主要参考书
1 徐晋麟等．现代遗传学原理．科学出版社， 2001
2 阎隆飞等．分子生物学．中国农业大学出版社，1997
3 孙乃恩等．分子遗传学．南京大学出版社，1996
4 解生勇．分子细胞遗传学．中国农业科技出版社，1998
5 李宁等．动物遗传学．中国农业出版社，2003
6 杨业华．分子遗传学．中国农业出版社，2001
7 李振刚．分子遗传学．科学出版社，2000
8 朱玉贤等．现代分子生物学．高等教育出版社，1997
9 林剑．免疫遗传学．高等教育出版社，1997
10 LELAND ,LEROY HOOD,MICHAEL -从基因到基因组(GENETICS-from genes to genomes ).
遗传学(genetics)的研究内容
All living organisms (from single –cell bacteria and protozoa to multicellular plants and animal ) must store 、replicate 、transmit biological information to the next generation，and use vast quantities of information to develop，grow，reproduce，and survive in their environments.
遗传学(genetics)的研究内容
Genetics: the science of heredity ,is at its core the study of biological information.
Geneticists examine how organisms pass biological information on to their progeny and how they use it during their lifetime.
第一章遗传物质的基础一、遗传物质
核酸是遗传物质，存在于任何生命形式的有机体。
DNA是最普遍的遗传物质。
在少数低等生物中RNA是遗传物质。
DNA中贮存了大量的遗传信息。
DNA ----bearer of genetic information
For nearly 4 billion years the double-stranded DNA molecule has served as the almost universal bearer of genetic information.
years ago the earliest bacterial cell incorporated it into their chromosomes .
About 2 billion years ago, when the eukaryotic precursors of plants, animals, and fungi evolved from simple cell, their chromosomes also carried a DNA molecular .
DNA ----bearer of genetic information
Since that time:
Evolution has honed and expanded the software-the programs by which the molecular stores, transmits, and expresses genetic information.
The hardware –the structure of the DNA molecular-has changed very little.
DNA ----bearer of genetic information
Under special conditions of little or no oxygen, DNA can withstand a wide range of temperature, pressure, and humidity and remain relative intact for hundreds, thousands, even millions of years.
This ancient DNA still carries readable sequence . Comparisons with equival