文档介绍：Welfare Development in Hong Kong
Stages
Early Colonial Period, pre-1945s:
-- minimal intervention, mainly on health &
children/women services
-- philanthropic welfare / clans / missionaries
organisations
1945 - 1970:
-- increasing state intervention
in housing and education,
and later social security
Roots of Welfare
‘Confucianism’(in a general sense)
: on individual, family and gender
Legacies from the colonial governing
: capitalism and free market
: on individualism and workfare
: an administrative structure
: a colonial government seeking legitimacy
Though welfare expansion but in its unique path….
Stages
1970s:
-- rapid expansion
-- limited notion of right
-- professionalisation of social work
1980s:
-- privatisation
-- management reforms
-- ideological shift (commodity, pricing)
-- service reforms (fee charging policy,
customer role, private sector role,
home ownership, community care)
1990s?
Privatisation
Structural reform
Contract out (housing, social services, education)
Cost-efficiency
Public finance crisis ...
Public Housing
-- from resettlement to catering of social
needs (lower class to middle class)
-- from rental-led to ownership
strategy
-- from low-cost to medium
cost housing
-- from production / provision
to assisted home scheme
Health
-- heavily funded by government
-- limited co-payment / insuranc