文档介绍：CHAPTER
Separation Columns (Distillation,
Absorption, and Extraction) 17
KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• How to design distillation columns
• How to size distillation columns and select and design distillation column trays
• How to design distillation columns using packing instead of trays
• How to design absorption and stripping columns
• How to design liquid-liquid extraction columns
INTRODUCTION
This chapter covers the design of separating columns. Though the emphasis is on distillation
processes, the basic construction features, and many of the design methods, also apply to other multi-
stage processes, such as stripping, absorption, and extraction. Only a brief review of the fundamental
principles that underlie the design procedures will be given; a fuller discussion can be found in
Richardson, Harker, and Backhurst (2002), and in other textbooks: King (1980), Hengstebeck (1976),
Kister (1992), Doherty and Malone (2001), and Luyben (2006).
Distillation is probably the most widely used separation process in the chemical and allied indus-
tries; its applications range from the rectification of alcohol, which has been practiced since anti-
quity, to the fractionation of crude oil. A good understanding of methods used for correlating
vapor-liquid equilibrium data is essential to the understanding of distillation and other equilibrium-
staged processes; this subject was covered in Chapter 4.
In recent years, much of the work done to develop reliable design methods for distillation equip-
ment has been carried out by anization, Fractionation Research, Inc. (FRI), an
organization set up with the resources to carry out experimental work on full-size columns. Since
their work is proprietary, it is not published in the open literature and it has not been possible to
refer to their methods in this book. Fractionation Research’s design manuals will, however, be avail-
able to design engineers panies are subscribing members of anizat