文档介绍：Insect Resistance Management for Bt Crops Bt作物的昆虫抗药性管理
1
IRM: what is it? 昆虫抗药性管理定义
Insect resistance management (IRM) is a strategy to mitigate the development of insects resistant to a pesticide (., resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt)
昆虫抗药性管理(IRM)是为了减轻害虫对杀虫剂(例如对BT)产生抗性而采取的一种策略.
2
IRM: why is it important? IRM的重要性
Maintaining the efficacy of Bt, a low-risk pesticide, is beneficial for the following reasons:
维持低风险杀虫剂Bt的功效有如下的优点:
Bt replaces higher risk pesticides
Bt杀虫剂可以代替其他高风险性的杀虫剂
Less exposure of anisms to superficially applied pesticides
降低非目标生物暴露于杀虫剂的可能性
Use of Bt crops may provide greater profits to farmers, due to reduced use of insecticides
由于减少了杀虫剂的使用,Bt作物可以给农民带来更大的收益
3
ponents of IRM plan IRM计划的重要组成成分
Pest biology 害虫生物学
Dose 剂量
Cross-resistance 抗性转移
Refuge 避难所
Modeling 建立模型
Resistance monitoring 抗性监测
Remedial action pliance assurance 确保规范性
Grower education 种植者教育
4
Pest biology 害虫生物学
Important factors include:
Number of insect generations per year
Host range
Insect movement and dispersal patterns
Mating and ovipositional behavior
Population dynamics
要点包括:
每年害虫繁殖的代数
宿主的范围
害虫移动和分布的模式
交配和产卵行为
种群动态
5
Pest biology: an example 害虫生物学举例
European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis
1-4 generations per year
Polyphagous (prefers corn)
Movement:
Larvae - can move from plant-to-plant within a field
Adults - mostly local movement, but some long distance migratory movement can occur
欧洲玉米螟(ECB)
每年繁殖1-4代
杂食性(偏好玉米)
移动
幼虫可以在同一田地内不同植株上移动
成虫大部分在本地活动,但也有可能进行长距离迁移
Female
雌性
Male
雄性
late instars
晚期幼虫
ECB
6
Dose 剂量
Dose = the amount of toxin expressed over time by a transgenic crop, relative to the susceptibility of a target pest; can be determined through field efficacy trials or laboratory bioassays
剂量=转基因作物在一定时间内表达的毒素的量, 和目标害虫的敏感性相关; 通常由田间功效实验或实验室生物测试所决定.
High dose = at least 25x the amount of toxin needed to kill all susceptible target insects; preferred over low dose events for refuge-based IRM strategies
高剂量=至少为杀死所有敏感目标害虫剂量的25倍; 在以避难所为基础的昆虫抗