文档介绍：Vertical distribution
Lin Yuan-Shao, Cao Wen-Qing and Guo Dong-Hui
2004. 6. 3
Chapter 16
This chapter includes there parts of section:
§ Vertical distribution in phytoplankton
§ Vertical distribution in zooplankton
Vertical distribution in phytoplankton
Studies on the different layers of water shows much variation in the distribution of the phytoplankton and it es scarce in deep layers.
Some examples on vertical distribution in phytoplankton are given bellow.
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Quantitative distribution of olithophorids as a function of depth, in May 1901, Mediterranean
In this example the olithophores, which e rare below 100m,
pletely at more than 500m depth.
Vertical distribution of the five most abundant species of phytoplankton at Crawford, NY, 1960
Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a (shaded) and density (dashed) of phaeophytin in Japan ,132oE)
Nutrient vertical distribution in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans
From the examples above, we can see:
phytoplankton must have adequate light for photosynthesis and can develop only in the upper layers (photic zone).
Phytoplankton is not most abundant in the superficial water, where light intensity is greatest.
Many of the anisms, particularly diatoms cannot move independently and so tend to sink. Those with a high density will, therefore, remain below the level of high production.
Photosynthesis requires an optimal light intensity. The light intensity at superficial layer may have strongly light, and UV (ultra-violet) may damage some biological molecules and affect the process of photosynthesis.
Vertical distribution in zooplankton
The distribution of the Euphausiacea in the North Atlantic sets an excellent example of vertical distribution in zooplankton.
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