文档介绍：Chapter 3 Blood
Section 1 Introduction
Components of blood
Blood volume: 7~8% (70-80ml/kg )
(1) Plasma: 50-60%
Water: 93-95%
Solvent, humoral balance, osmotic pressure.
Solutes: 5-7%
· Proteins:
-Albumin: 40-48g/L. Colloidal osmotic pressure; carrier; buffer pH.
-Globulin: 15-30g/L. Immune reaction: antibody; carrier.
-Fibrinogen: 2-4g/L. Blood coagulation.
-Hemoglobin (Hb):
--120-160g/L (male), 110-150g/L (female)
--Function: carry gases.
· Nutrients: O2, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acid
· Waste products: CO2, urea, uric acid
· Electrolytes: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, etc.
Cell shape, pH.
· Others: pigments, hormones
(2) Cells: 40-50%
RBC (Erythrocytes): 40-50% (male), 37-48% (female)
WBC (Leukocytes): 1%
Platelets (Thrombocytes): +
2. Properties of blood
(1) Blood pH: ~
Regulated by lung and kidney.
(2) Viscosity: Friction of molecules and cells in blood.
Relative viscosity:
-Whole blood: 4~5 times to water (RBC).
-Plasma: ~ times to water (Proteins).
-Anemia or body fluid loss.
(3) Osmotic pressure: An ability of a liquid to attract and retain water. It drives osmosis. 300 mmol/L.
Composition and roles:
-Crystal osmotic pressure: mmol/L.
--Maintain shape and size of cells.
-Colloid osmotic pressure: mmol/L.
--Retain blood volume.
--Decide distribution of water between blood and interstitial fluid.
3. Main function of blood
(1) Maintain homeostasis:
-Buffering pH
-Humoral regulation
-Body temperature regulation
(2) Transportation:
-Gases, nutrients, hormones, and so on.
(3) Host defense:
-Immune reaction, coagulation.
Section 2 Hemopoiesis
The process of blood generation.
Cell Lineage Lifespan Daily Production Rate
RBC 120 days ´ 109/L
Neutrophil 7 hours ´ 109/L
Platelet 10 days ´ 109/L
of Hematopoiesis
- Prenatal stages:
--First month: yolk sac
--Third month: liver
--Fourth month: bone marrow
- Postnatal stages:
--Bone marrow of almo