文档介绍：Chapter 10 Lipids
1. Lipids pass a large and diverse group pounds
Lipids are broadly defined as biological molecules that are soluble anic solvents.
Lipids are usually extracted from biological materials by nonpolar solvents like ether, chloroform(氯仿), benzene(苯).
The biological functions of lipids are diverse.
Certain lipids (., triacylglycerols(三脂酰甘油), commonly called fats) serve as efficient reserves for the storage of energy.
Lipids (including mainly glycerophospholipids (甘油磷脂), sphingolipids, and sterols) are the major structural elements of the biomembranes.
The water-insoluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E, K and some hormones (like steroids(类固醇), prostaglandins(前列腺素)) are lipids.
The bile acids help to solubilize (emulsify) other classes of lipids for better digestion.
Lipids also serve as enzyme cofactors, light-absorbing pigments, intracellular messengers.
Fat cells of guinea pig
A cotyledon cell from a seed of the plant
arabidopsis
Fatty position of three food fats
Melting point
as affected by the proportion of saturated fat
Beewax: an ester of palmitic acid(软脂酸) with the alcohol triacontanol
2. Fatty acids are a class pounds containing a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
Saturated fatty acids do not contain carbon-carbon double bonds.
The two mon saturated fatty acids are palmitic and stearic acids(软脂酸和硬脂酸), containing 16 and 18 carbons, respectively (abbreviated as 16:0 and 18:0).
Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, usually of cis configuration in the aliphatic(脂肪族的) chains.