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I
摘要
本文在总结前人研究的基础上,以高级水平日本留学生为研究对象,以汉语常
用语气助词“吧”、“吗”、“呢”为研究内容,通过 HSK 中介语料库检索出相应
的原始语料,并采用中介语理论、对比分析法和运用分析理论分析高级水平日本留
学生对这三个语气助词的习得情况。
通过对语气助词“吧”、“吗”、“呢”语料中每个义项或用法的具体使用情
况进行了详细的统计和分析,文章发现高级水平日本留学生对这三个常用语气助词
掌握情况比较乐观,他们习得“吧”的顺序为:祈使句尾表示催促>句中表示举例
>祈使句尾表示请求>祈使句尾表示建议>疑问句尾表示揣测>陈述句尾表示同意
>祈使句尾表示命令;“吗”的习得顺序为:否定形式的反问句>肯定形式的反问
句>肯定形式的是非问句>否定形式的是非问句;“呢”的习得顺序为:“还„呢”
感叹句尾>特指问>句中主语后>反问句尾>句中其他成分后>假设小句后>
“才„呢”感叹句尾>选择问问句尾>其他感叹句尾>陈述句尾。
本文还发现“吧”、“吗”、“呢”的偏误类型主要有误代、误加、遗漏三种。
义项不同或用法不同,出现的偏误情况也不同。在此基础上,我们还从母语负迁移、
目的语影响、教师与教材、学日本留学生学习语气助
词“吧”、“吗”、“呢”产生偏误的原因。
关键词:日本高级水平留学生语气助词习得研究
II
The study of Chinese modal particle“Ba,Ma,Ne” acquisition by
Japanese advanced level students
Chen Ye (Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages)
Directed by Professor Yang Defeng
Abstract
Modal particles are a big part of Chinese teaching because they are one of important
means of sentence tone. They are also one of difficulty in Chinese teaching because of
their intangible meanings. This study based on the previous studies takes Japanese
advanced level students as the object of study and Chinese modal particles
“Ba(吧)”,“Ma(吗)”,“Ne(呢)” as research contents, retrieves the primitive data through
the HSK mediation of corpus, and analyzes Japanese advanced level students’ acquisition
process of Chinese modal particles with methods of Interlanguage Theory, Contrastive
Analysis and Demonstration Analysis.
This study makes a detailed statistics on each usage and each meaning of Chinese
modal particles “Ba(吧)”,“Ma(吗)”,“Ne(呢)”, and get the acquisition order of each modal
particle through listing accuracy rate of each meaning. Through the investigation, we find
out that Japanese advanced level students master of these mon particles well.