文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
十米长基线双频激光干涉测距演示系统搭建与实验研究
姓名:闫奇众
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:理论物理
指导教师:罗俊;叶贤基
2011-02-19
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
空间激光测距指用激光束作为信息载体测量位于太空中的物体间的绝对距离或
相对位移,空间激光测距技术可以用于卫星定轨、深空探测、星间光通信、基础物
理前沿研究等方面。开展基于光学外差干涉原理的高精度空间激光测距技术研究将
开辟基础物理研究领域以及大地测量领域的新方向。由美、德科学家主导的空间引
力波探测计划(LISA)以及下一代全球重力场测量计划(GRACE Follow on)均拟
采用激光干涉测距技术,并计划于 2012 年发射单颗试验卫星(LISA Pathfinder),对
空间激光干涉测距技术中的核心载荷进行空间飞行验证。
开展基于光学外差检测原理的高精度空间激光干涉测距技术研究将紧跟当前国
际上纳米、皮米量级测量技术的发展趋势,不仅对提高我具有
极大的促进作用,还将为我国空间技术与基础科学参与国际竞争提供契机。本论文
就零差锁相应答式空间激光干涉测距方案展开论述,给出星间测速及测距原理的公
式推导,并对外差激光干涉测距系统中存在的主要误差来源进行评估。为构建十米
长基线激光测距演示系统,设计了实际测量系统中需要的光、机、电等关键技术单
元模块。经过调试后,该套激光干涉测距演示系统在引力中心的山洞实验室内实现
十米长测量基线时,位移分辨率好于 5nm 的实验结果。
关键词:外差激光干涉仪卫卫激光测距地球重力场测量
I
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Space laser ranging refers to technology that utilizes laser interferometer to measure
the relative displacement and/or absolute distance between two objects (or spacecrafts)
moving in space. This technology can be used for orbit determination of satellites, deep
space exploration, inter-satellite munication, and frontiers of fundamental
physics. The development of the heterodyne laser interferometer with nanometer precision
for inter-satellite range/range-rate monitoring will open up a new window for researchers
involved in physics and geophysics. ESA and NASA are carrying out LISA and GRACE
follow-on missions for gravitational waves detection and Earth’s gravity recovery,
respectively. In order to verify the validity of key technologies required, a testing satellite,
known as LISA Pathfinder, will be launched in 2012.
Developing ultra-precision heterodyne laser interferometer for inter-satellite laser
ranging provides a strong driving force for strengthening the precision measurement
technology in China and for further underpinning the development of space technology
and fundamental research. In this work, a transponder-type inter-satellite laser ranging
system with homodyne optical phase-locked loop