文档介绍：Bacterial ics
Chapter 8
Mutations and Mutants
ic bination
ic Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Plasmids
Transposons and Insertion Sequences
Prokaryotic Genomics
ics in Eukaryotic anisms
anisms provide relatively simple systems for studying ic phenomena and are thus useful tools in attempts to decipher the mechanisms underlying the ics of anisms.
anisms are used for the isolation and duplication of specific genes from anisms, a technique called molecular cloning. In molecular cloning, genes are manipulated and placed in a anism where they can be induced to increase in number.
Section 1. Mutation and bination
Mutation is an inherited change in the base sequence of the nucleic prising the genome of anism. Mutation usually brings about only a very small amount of ic change in a cell.
ic bination is the process by which ic elements contained in two separate genomes are brought together in one unit. This mechanism may enable anism to carry out some new function and result in adaptation to changing environments. ic bination usually involves much larger changes. Entire genes, sets of genes, or even whole chromosomes, are transferred anisms.
Section 2. Techniques of bacterial ics: in vivo
In vivo : manipulate the ic material within anism
ic Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Section 3. Techniques of bacterial ics: in vitro
In vitro: operate ic material in the test tube
Restriction Enzymes
Molecular Cloning
Amplifying DNA: PCR
Auxotroph anism that has developed a nutritional requirement through mutation
Cloning vector ic element into which genes can be bined and replicated
Conjugation transfer of genes from one prokaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell-to-cell contact and a plasmid
Diploid a eukaryotic cell anism containing two sets of chromosomes
Electroporation the use of an electric pulse to induce cells to take up free DNA
Gene disruption use of ic techniques to inactivate a gene by i