文档介绍：Chapter 2
Morphology,structure and physiological function of eukaryotes
Definition: eukaryotic cells partmentalized by membran-es .The cell contains several different types of membrane bou- anelle in which different biochemical and physiological processes can occur in a regulated way. Membranes also transport information, metabolic intermediats and end-products from the site of biosynthesis to the site of use.
Eukaryotes is a big group of anisms made up of eukaryotic membrane bound nucleus and anelles such as mitochondrion divided by ,能进行有丝分裂,细胞质中存在线粒体或同时存在叶绿体等多种细胞器的生物.
eukaryotic anisms is a group of anisms that made up of eukaryotic cells include Fungi、microalgae()、and protozoa
真核细胞
真核生物
真核微生物
peroxisomes
mitochondrion
cytosol
chloroplast
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Structure of a typical plant cell
Cytosol细胞液
Plasma membrane
Secretory vesicles
Structure of a typical animal cell
membrane
Cell wall
mitochondrion
Vesicals (泡囊)
Dictyosomes (分散高尔基体)
Hyphal structures
Endoplasmic reticlum
ribosomes
membrane
vacuole
Cell wall
mitochondrion
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Yeast structures
Yeast structures
真核微生物主要包括
菌物界(Mycetalia或广义的“Fungi”)中的真菌(Eumycota或狭义的“Fungi”,即True Fungi)、
粘菌(Myxomycota或Fungi—like Protozoa)、
假菌(Chromista或Pseudofungi),
植物界(Plantae)中的显微藻类(Algae)和
动物界(Animalia)中的原生动物(Protozoa)
Major groups of eukaryotic anisms
真核微生物的主要类群
植物界(plantae):显微藻类 algae 动物界(animalia):原生动物 protozoa
真核微生物黏菌myxomycota
假菌pseudofungi
菌物界(mycetalia)
单细胞真菌unicellular fungi
真菌 eumycota 丝状真菌filamentous
大型子实体蕈菌 mushroom
Major groups of eukaryotic anisms
Eukaryotic anisms
“菌物界’’这个名词是我国学者裘维蕃等于1990年提出的,并已·得到学术界的一定支持,这是指与动物界、植物界相并列的一大群无叶绿素、依靠细胞表面吸收有机养料、细胞壁一般含有几丁质的真核微生物。一般包括真菌、粘菌和假菌(卵菌等)3类。
真菌是最重要的真核微生物,故是本章的重点,它们的特点是:
①无叶绿素,不能进行光合作用;
②一般具有发达的菌丝体;
③细胞壁多数含几丁质;
④营养方式为异养吸收型;
⑤以产生大量无性和(或)有性孢子的方式进行繁殖;
⑥陆生性较强