文档介绍：非谓语动词常考点
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非谓语动词语法知识点繁缛复杂，而从我们考试常考点来看，我们可重点掌握以下几点：
，分词做定语，分词的独立结构
，不定式做定语
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分词作状语
1．分词作状语的基本原则
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
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2．分词作状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：
Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)
Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)
Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)
Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)
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分词做状语
____that I wasn’t going to get much chance for promotion, I decided to quit the job.()
Realizing B. To realize C. Being realized D. Realized
______ of an unhappy marriage, she felt greatly relieved and was eager to embrace a new life.(2018. 33)
A. To be free B. Freeing C. To free D. freed
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分词独立主格结构
分词独立主格结构的特点：分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语，它有自己独立的主语 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
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the girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
there being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
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分词独立结构
All flights _____ due to the fog, they decided to go Guangzhou by train.()
Have been cancelled B. having cancelled
C. Having been cancelled D. were cancelled
类似有P211. 30
All flights _______because of the strike, they had to find some other means of transportation.()
Having been canceled B) had been canceled
C. Having canceled D) were canceled
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分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
现在分词表示主动意义，正在进行；
过去分词一般表示被动含意，状态或做完(完成)的事。。
 
he rushed into the burning house．
他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
the child standing over