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4 3 5 6 & ' 7 8 9 : ; < = 7 8 > ? .
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H I J K L N O P Q S T V W X Y Z [ X Y
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S ] ^ _ S {Sα| α∈ I} S (1).
S = ∪α∈I Sα; (2). Sα∩ Sβ= ∅.
b > j 3
A B \ O A B H I d e
F G @ E f @ E
k
S ∼ S ∼(1). g h i a ∈ S,
> \ b
b
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m n i l
a ∼ a; (2). a ∼ b, l b ∼ a; (3). a ∼ b, b ∼ c, a ∼ c.
o p . q r A B s A B q r .
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F G S S S S
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t l u D
∼ D S a ∈ S, a = {b ∈ S | a ∼ b}, a a a
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a b ∈ a, a ∼ b, l b = b.
\ O A B 6 < { H I A B 6
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k i y
l | k i y
p ∼ a ∼ b, a | k i y p, b p. ∼
< { \ O } ~ < { H I
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l
p a, b | k i y p, a ∼ b.
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~ : 4 N A B . N .
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∼ z
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V = W ⇐⇒ dim(V ) = dim(W ), u n
W - A B 6 .
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