文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
汉语“被”字句的生成句法研究
姓名:谭晓平
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:语言学及应用语言学
指导教师:程邦雄
20050514
摘要
以乔姆斯基最简探索框架的相关假设为理论基础我们探讨了现代汉语
被字句典型句式的转换与生成针对早期相关研究中被字语类特征的介词
说动词说助词说被动语素说等代表性假设我们认为被是汉语特有的
功能语类它的强被动特征需要一个被动对象在其指定语位置被选择一个及
物结构 vP 被字句通过移位生成由于最简探索框架中没有预设的结构
合并操作以两两方式构成句法对象被字句合并的次序与题元角色的体现成了
新的难题为此我们提出了两个假设 1 名词词组在词汇矩阵中已获得题元角色
2 合并的次序受题元层阶的调节与控制我们还假设汉语存在抽象时制以此
解决主语 NP 的结构格指派问题使被字句的生成更符合普通话的语感根据
汉语形态系统较为贫乏的特点我们修正了一致性特征的定义长被字句短
被字句以同一模式生成具有共同的句法结构[T[BeiP[Bei][vP]]] 两者之间
的区别可通过核心功能语类 v 的基本结构特征来解释在此基础上采用修改后的
题元层阶及移位步骤的最短性原则解决汉语颇具特色的带保留宾语的被字句的
生成问题至于带接应代词的被字句我们认为其生成与语用因素有关并利
用二次计算来修改替换原有生成式所需的元素及特征

关键词: 最简探索框架被字句功能语类移位
保留宾语接应代词

I
Abstract
In the spirit of Chomsky’s Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework, we explore the
derivation of typical bei passive construction in Mandarin Chinese. Contrary to the
previous assumptions that bei can be a preposition, a verb or an inflectional passive
morpheme like –en in English, we propose that bei should be treated as a functional
category specific to Chinese language, with a strong passive feature which requires a
noun to be its specifier. We propose that bei selects a transitive construction which has a
verb as its head and that bei passive construction undergoes movement. As there are no
presupposed structures in Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework, and the merge
operation forms syntactic objects in an inherently binary fashion, we face the new
problems of the order of Merge and the realization of the theta-grid. So two assumptions
are put forward: 1) nominals have got their thematic roles in the lexical array; 2)
derivations are regulated and controlled by the thematic role hierarchy. To satisfy the
intuition of Mandarin –speaker, we assume there is abstract tense in Chinese. According
to the characteristic of lacking morphological system in Chinese, we modify the
definition of agreement feature. We also suggest that short passive and long passive
should be derived in a uni