文档介绍：Simple Nature
An Introduction to Physics
for Engineering and
Physical Science Students
Benjamin Crowell
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California
Copyright
c 2001 Benjamin Crowell
All rights reserved.
Edition — 2001
rev. July 1, 2003
ISBN 0-9704670-7-9
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this doc-
ument under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version , with no invariant sections, no front-cover texts and no
back-cover texts. A copy of the license is provided in the appendix
titled GNU Free Documentation License. The license applies to
the entire text of this book, plus all the illustrations that are by
Benjamin Crowell. All the illustrations are by Benjamin Crowell
except as noted in the photo credits or in parentheses in the cap-
tion of the figure. This book can be downloaded free of charge from
a variety of formats, including editable
formats.
Brief Contents
1 Conservation of Mass 11
2 Conservation of Energy 31
3 Conservation of Momentum 81
4 Conservation of Angular Momentum 149
5 Thermodynamics 191
6 Waves 219
7 Relativity 258
8 Atoms and ism 289
9 DC Circuits 339
10 Fields 373
11 ism 435
12 Quantum Physics 495
3
4
Contents
1 Conservation of Mass
Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Problem-solving techniques, 13.—Delta notation, 15.
Equivalence of Gravitational and Inertial Mass . . . . . 16
Galilean Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Applications of calculus, 22.
A Preview of Some Modern Physics . . . . . . . . . 25
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2 Conservation of Energy
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The energy concept, 31.—Logical issues, 33.—ic energy, 34.—
Power, 37.—Gravitational energy, 38.—Equilibrium and stability,
43.—Predicting the direction of motion, 44.
Numerical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Gravitational Phe