文档介绍：个体心理： 情绪与心境
情绪：为什么一度被忽视？ (Emotions- Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB)
唯理性神话(The “myth of rationality〞)
组织不是没有情绪的地方(Organizations are not emotion-free.)
任何类型的情绪对组织而言都是破坏性的(Emotions of any kind are disruptive to organizations.)
最初的组织行为学只关注强烈的消极情绪会干扰个人与组织效率(Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.)
什么是情绪 (What Are Emotions?)
心境(Moods)
强度比情绪弱且没有背景刺激时的感觉(Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.)
情绪(Emotions)
指向事物或人的强烈的感觉(Intensive feelings directed at sth or someone)
情感(Affect) 人们经历与体验的广泛的情绪
情绪的分类
情绪分类 (Emotion Dimensions)
情绪的种类(Variety of emotions)
积极的(Positive)
消极的(Negative)
情绪的强度(Intensity of emotions)
性格(Personality)
工作要求(Job Requirements)
情绪的频率与持久性(Frequency and duration of emotions)
多长时间表达一次(How often emotions are exhibited.)
持续多长时间(How long emotions are displayed.)
情绪连续体 (Emotion Continuum)
在情绪连续体上，两个情绪距离越近，人们更容易混淆它们
〔The closer any two emotions are to each other on the continuum, the more likely people are to confuse them.〕
高兴
惊奇
害怕
伤心
生气
厌恶
六种普适的情绪
表情传达情绪 (Facial Expressions Convey Emotions)
生物共有
情绪的来源
人格
每周和每日的时间
天气
压力
社交活动
睡眠
锻炼
年龄
性别与情绪 (Gender and Emotions)
女人(Women)
能显示更强烈的情绪表现(Can show greater emotional expression.)
更强烈地体验情绪(Experience emotions more intensely.)
更经常显示情绪(Display emotions more frequently.)
更自在地表达情绪(Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.)
更好地解读别人的情绪(Are better at reading others’ emotions.)
男人(Men)
相信表达情绪与男人的形象不相配(Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image.)
天生地不善解读与识别他人的情绪(Are innately less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions.)
更少通过表达积极情绪寻求社会认可(Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions.)
情绪的外部约束条件 〔External Constraints on Emotions〕
组织影响
文化影响
个人情绪
表达与解读
例子:
微笑是世界上
最神奇表情
友好、亲善
轻浮、挑逗