管理思想史论文.doc

文档介绍：管理思想史论文
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of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities10
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities10
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
春赋以敛缯帛，夏贷以收秋实。是故民无废事，而国无失利也。”这段话的意思是说：凡轻重的大利是以重射轻，以贱而转化为平价。万物的“满”(余)与“虚”(不足)随着国家财政的平准政策而不断变化，打破的平衡会重新再现。人君知道这个道理，所以坚持实行平准政策。国家使有万家的城镇储存万钟之粟和钱千万，让千家的城镇储存千钟之粟和钱百万。储存粮食和钱的目的是：春天供给耕田，夏天供给锄耘。耒耜等械器和种子及粮食当然是由国君供给的。因此大商贾储积家就无法大肆盘剥民众，为什么会如此呢?是因国君勤谨地扶持本业。春天借贷的钱粮收取丝织品缯帛，夏天贷出的钱粮在秋收后收取谷类。因此，民众不会无事干，国家也不会受损失。《管子．山国轨篇》说每年“泰春”、“泰夏”、“泰秋”、“泰冬”的“物之高下”，民“相并兼之时”，国家都要贷给农民粮食。并说：“无赀之家皆假之械器、胜(滕)籯、屑(碎米)、糉(糗，乾粮)、公衣．功已而归公衣，折券(折毁借贷时所给之券)。故力出於民而用出於上。”
（三）减免农业税
在煮盐业方面增加收入，减免农业税收。《》载桓公问管子日：“吾欲(内)守国财而毋税於天下……可乎?”管仲回答说：可以。其办法是：盐是人人都要食用的生活必需品，“十口之家，十人咕(食)盐，百口之家，百人咕盐”。齐国又是著名的盐产地，每年冬天从十月开始煮盐至第二年春天国家可征收到3万钟盐。而第二年春天，由于“阳春农事方作，令民毋得筑垣墙，毋得缮冢墓。大夫毋得治宫室、毋得立台榭。北海之众毋得聚庸而煮盐。然盐之贾(价)必四什倍”。这时，