文档介绍：Chapter 2
The Concept & Description
of Information
Principles of Information Science
Problems To Be Concerned With
How should we define the concept of Information ?
What are the typical features of pared
with matter and energy ?
3. What are the relationship and difference between
Shannon Information prehensive Information ?
4. How to reasonably classify Information ?
5. How to properly represent Information ?
2-1 Definitions of Information
Some of the existing definitions
N. Wiener: Neither matter, nor energy.
C. Shannon: Something that can be used to remove
uncertainty.
R. Ashby: The variety of a set.
L. Bertalanffy: plexity of a system.
G. Longo: The difference among things.
Dictionary: The message unknown before.
Information
Signal / Media
Message
Data
Knowledge
Some Interrelated and Easily Confused Concepts
Code
Our Understanding of Information
Constraints
Levels
Applicability
None
Highest
Widest
Second Highest
Least
Second Widest
More
Lower
Narrower
The Most
The Lowest
The Narrowest
Our Understanding of Information (Continued)
Constraints
Levels
Applicability
None
Ontology
Widest
Epistemology
Subject
Subject World
Definition of Ontological Information
The ontological information about an event is the
self-description concerning
-- the states at which the event exists and
-- the way with which the states vary.
S1
SN
Sn
1) the event: either in real world or in mind.
3) the variation: motion in any sense.
The popularity pleteness of the definition:
2) the state: internal structure and external linkage.
Definition of Epistemological Information
The epistemological information about an object
possessed by a subject is what he perceived/mediated
concerning
the form, the content, and the value of the
states-ways of the object
States/
Ways
Object
Subject
Form
Content
Value
Semantic
Syntactic
Pragmatic
Comprehensive Information
Integrative
Semantic
Integrative
Pragmatic
Pragmatic
Semantic