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脊 柱
Vertebral column
基础医学院人体解剖教研室
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The vertebral column脊柱 consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
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一、Vertebrae 椎骨
There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows:
Cervical vertebrae 颈椎
Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 sacrum 骶骨
Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 ~4 coccyx尾骨
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General features of vertebrae
Vertebral body 椎体
Vertebral arch 椎弓
pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch
椎上、下切迹
lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板
process (7):
spinous process 棘突
transverse process 横突
sup. and inf. articular processes
上、下关节突
Vertebral foramen 椎孔
Vertebral canal 椎管
Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
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Regional variations of vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae Body: small
Vertebral foramen: larger and triangular
Spinous processes:
short and bifid in C3 to C5, long in C6,and longer in C7
Transverse processes:
short and bifid, transverse foramen横突孔
Articular processes: horizontal
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Atypical vertebeae
Atlas寰椎 (C1)
Body and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses
Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟
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Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlas
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Carotid tubercle: 颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6
Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck flexed, used as clinical landmark in counting cervical and thoracic spinous processes
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Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae Body ：
heart-shape, superior and inferior costal fovea 上、下肋凹
Vertebral foramen：
smaller, rounder
Spinous processes：
long, point obliquely downward
Transverse processes：
transverse costal fovea 横突肋凹
Articular processes: coronal
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