文档介绍：To appear in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Reflection and Reflexion: A Social Cognitive Neuroscience
Approach to Attributional Inference1
Matthew D. Lieberman Ruth Gaunt
University of California, Los Angeles Bar-Ilan University
Daniel T. Gilbert Yaacov Trope
Harvard University New York University
"Knowledge may give weight, but Whereas the first generation of attribution models
plishments give lustre, and many more described the logic by which such inferences are
people see than weigh." made (Jones & Davis, 1965; Kelley, 1967), dual-
Lord Chesterfield, Letters, May 8, 1750 process models describe the sequence and operating
characteristics of the mental processes that produce
Lord Chesterfield gave his son, Philip, a great deal of those inferences. These models have proved capable
advice—most of it having to do with manipulating of explaining old findings and predicting new
other people to one’s own ends—and that advice has phenomena, and as such, have been the standard
survived for nearly three centuries because it is at bearers of attribution theory for nearly fifteen years.
once cynical, distasteful, and generally correct. One Dual-process models were part of social
of the many things that Lord Chesterfield understood psychology’s response to the cognitive revolution.
about people is that they form impressions of others But e and go, and while the dust from
based on what they see and what they think, and that the cognitive revolution has long since settled,
under many circumstances, the former tends to another revolution appears now to be underway. In
outweigh the latter simply because seeing is so much the last decade, emerging technologies have allowed
easier than thinking. The first generation of social us to begin to peer deep into the living brain, thus
psychologists recognized this too. Solomon Asch providing us with a unique opportunity to tie
observed that “impressions form wit